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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Critically evaluate history of the Eighteenth century India with reference to culture and economy.

  • UPSC 2020
  • The Eighteenth Century

The eighteenth century is conventionally bracketed between the decline of the Mughals in its first half and the rise of British power in its second, but its cultural and economic history resists being read simply as an interval of stagnation between two "real" epochs.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Agrarian Economy: Hard Labour, Meagre Reward
  • Trade and Industry: A More Resilient Picture
  • Culture: Redistribution Rather Than Extinction
  • Society and Education: Genuine Stagnation

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