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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Critically assess the role of imperial Karkhanas in Mughal India. How did they reflect the ideological and functional imperatives of the Mughal State?

  • UPSC 2025
  • Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th Centuries

The imperial karkhanas were far more than manufacturing workshops; they were an institutional expression of how the Mughal state understood its own sovereignty, needs and image.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Functional Imperative: Provisioning an Itinerant Court and Army
  • The Ideological Imperative: Kingship as Patron and Practitioner of Craft
  • Provincial and "Other" Karkhanas: The Limits of the Model
  • A Critical Assessment

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