Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the various constraints on American hegemony today. Which of these are likely to become more prominent in the future?

  • UPSC 2023
  • 15 marks
  • Changing International Political Order

Unlock the full answer · ₹1,770 ↓

Hegemony, in the Gramscian sense Robert W. Cox brought into IR (1981–83), is leadership resting on consent as well as coercion, so it can erode while material preponderance survives. The United States still spent $954 billion on its military in 2025, a third of the world total (SIPRI), and the dollar held about 57% of…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • External constraints
  • Internal constraints
  • Which will grow
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

Unlock this answer and 1,393 more

  • 1,394 solved UPSC PSIR PYQs from 1991 to 2026, Paper-1 and Paper-2
  • Topic-wise across all 40 syllabus units
  • A full model answer for every question
  • Read online on lotusarise.com, plus PDF download
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol

₹1,770₹5,00064% off

Get PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Changing International Political Order question (73 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in