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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“Compared to their English counterpart, the French East India Company enjoyed little discretionary power and had to always look up to Paris for all major decisions. This partly explains the failure of the French in India.” Critically examine in 150 words.

  • UPSC 2012
  • European Penetration into India

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The structural contrast between the two companies goes a long way toward explaining why the English, not the French, emerged supreme in India — though it is only one strand among several.

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What the full answer covers

  • How Structure Translated into Weakness
  • Compounding Structural Disadvantages Beyond Governance
  • The Limits of This Explanation
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