Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Comment upon the contributions of D.M. Smith in outlining ‘welfare’ as a key focus in the geographies of social well-being.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Population and Settlement Geography

Unlock the full answer · ₹1,770 ↓

Welfare geography — the study of spatial inequality in human well-being and of whether that inequality is defensible — received its founding statement from David M. Smith (1936–2021), who mapped social well-being across the United States in 1973 and codified the welfare approach in 1977.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Founding Reorientation: Distribution as Geography's Central Question
  • Operationalising Social Well-being: Territorial Social Indicators
  • From Description to Norm: Rawls, Territorial Justice and the Radical Turn
  • Smith's Welfarist Route
  • Harvey's Structural Route
  • Moral Geographies: Ethics, Difference and the South African Laboratory
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack

Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack

Unlock this answer and 800+ more

  • 820 solved PYQ model answers (2013–2026), Paper I and Paper II
  • Topic-wise across all 20 syllabus units
  • 20 PYQ Pattern Analysis & Strategy reports, one per unit
  • Diagrams and maps drawn inside the answers, where you would draw them
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol, on phone, laptop or tablet

₹1,770₹2,50029% off

Get Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Population and Settlement Geography question (43 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in