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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: The concept of ’empowerment’.

  • UPSC 1998
  • 20 marks
  • Social Movements

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"Empowerment" entered political vocabulary from the American civil-rights movement and community social work (Barbara Bryant Solomon, Black Empowerment, 1976) and from Paulo Freire's pedagogy of conscientisation (Pedagogy of the Oppressed, 1968). Julian Rappaport (1987) defined it as the process by which people, organisations and communities gain mastery over their affairs. Its value and its danger…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Concept: a Theory of Power
  • Significance and the Indian Application
  • Critiques
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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