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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: China’s Middle Kingdom Complex.

  • UPSC 1992
  • 20 marks
  • Changing International Political Order

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China's name for itself, Zhongguo, means the "central state", usually rendered "Middle Kingdom". The Middle Kingdom complex is the disposition that grew from it: a belief that China is the civilisational centre of the world, that its neighbours stand in a hierarchy beneath it, and that a world order is natural only when China is…

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What the full answer covers

  • Origins: tianxia and the tributary order
  • Inversion: the century of humiliation
  • Contemporary expressions
  • Limits of the idea
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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