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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“Change in Britain came comparatively peacefully through democratic process in the first half of the nineteenth century and a model of a functioning democracy through ballot box was successfully put in place.” Elaborate.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Origins of Modern Politics

Britain's escape from the revolutionary convulsions that repeatedly shook continental Europe between 1830 and 1848 owed less to any completed "functioning democracy" than to a political elite's willingness to concede just enough, just in time, through parliamentary rather than insurrectionary channels.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Machinery of Peaceful Change
  • Why Britain Avoided Revolution
  • The Limits of the "Functioning Democracy" Claim

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