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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: Caste and religion as operative factors with Indian polity.

  • UPSC 2000
  • 20 marks
  • Caste, Religion and Ethnicity in Indian Politics

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A factor is operative when it shapes outcomes — which parties form, whom they nominate, how people vote, what the state legislates — not merely when it exists in society. The Constitution intended caste and religion to recede into private life, yet it lists castes for remedy and protects religious denominations. Rajni Kothari reminded critics…

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What the full answer covers

  • Caste as an operative factor
  • Religion as an operative factor
  • The interaction of caste and religion
  • Significance and limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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