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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

“Buddhism is a social movement against hierarchical tradition for social equality in Indian society.” Discuss.

  • UPSC 1994
  • Social Movements in Modern India

The statement reads Buddhism sociologically rather than theologically. Tested against M. S. A. Rao's definition of a social movement — an ideology, sustained collective mobilisation, and an orientation to changing existing relationships — the claim is substantially true of Buddhism's ideology and of its twentieth-century Indian revival, but only partially true of its historical sociology.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The case for the statement
  • The case against
  • The statement's truth restored: Buddhism as a modern movement
  • Conclusion

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