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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Barani’s “Fatwa-i-Jahandari” was not a proper account of the Delhi Sultanate, rather a lament. Elucidate.

  • UPSC 2025
  • The Fourteenth Century

Ziauddin Barani is remembered chiefly for the Tarikh-i-Firuz-Shahi, a chronicle historians can at least interrogate as a narrative of events. The Fatawa-i-Jahandari ("Rulings on Temporal Government"), composed around 1357–59 near the end of his life, belongs to a different genre altogether — a Perso-Islamic nasihat or "mirror for princes" treatise laying out an idealised theory…

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What the full answer covers

  • What the Fatawa-i-Jahandari Actually Is
  • The Case for "Lament" over "Account"
  • Historians' Reading: Anxiety and Status Resentment, Not Administrative Reality
  • Distinguishing the Fatawa from Barani's Chronicle Work

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