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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

“At Karachi in 1931, the Congress defined what Swaraj would mean for the masses.” Comment.

  • UPSC 2007
  • Rise of Gandhi and the Gandhian Era

Until 1931, Congress rhetoric on Swaraj had remained largely political — the transfer of state power from British to Indian hands — with little said about what freedom would concretely deliver to the peasant, the worker, or the poor.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Context: A Movement Radicalised by Depression and Martyrdom
  • The Resolution on Fundamental Rights
  • The National Economic Programme — Swaraj for the Masses
  • Significance and Limits

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