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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Assess the importance of foot-loose industries in the development of backward regions in India.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Industry

Foot-loose industries have a material index near unity in Alfred Weber's framework: freight is a trivial share of unit cost and the transport-cost gradient flattens, so neither raw material nor market pulls decisively. Electronics, software, gems and jewellery, pharmaceutical formulation and garments qualify.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Case For: Dispersal Has Genuinely Occurred
  • The Case Against: Footloose Is Not Placeless
  • Assessment

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