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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Assess the condition of peasantry during 13th to 17th centuries C.E.

  • UPSC 2017
  • Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th Centuries

Across four centuries and two very different state formations — the Delhi Sultanate and the Mughal Empire — the Indian peasantry remained the base on which every political structure rested, yet its own condition shows both striking continuities of exploitation and important shifts in the mechanisms that produced it.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Sultanate Period: Iqta and the Onset of Heavy Extraction
  • The Mughal Period: A More Regularised but Still Heavy Demand
  • Social and Material Condition
  • Political Powerlessness and Resistance

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