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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Analyse the social composition of the early Congress leadership.

  • UPSC 2009
  • Early Indian Nationalism

The early Indian National Congress (1885–1905) drew its leadership from a narrow, urban, English-educated, and overwhelmingly upper-caste Hindu professional elite — a composition that shaped both its moderate methods and the limits of its early appeal.

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What the full answer covers

  • The First Session in Numbers: A Regionally Skewed Elite
  • Occupational Profile: Lawyers, Landlords, and the Professional Middle Class
  • Religious and Caste Composition: A Predominantly Hindu, Upper-Caste Body
  • The Margins: Women, Peasants, and Artisans
  • Interpretive Frameworks

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