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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

“Analyse the processes driving urban sprawl in India and discuss the spatial patterns through which it manifests in Indian cities.”

  • 20 marks
  • Settlements

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The term "urban sprawl" was coined by the American planner Earle Draper (1937) to describe "the result of the unplanned and uncontrolled spreading of cities"; in India it has become the defining morphology of post-liberalisation urbanisation. Precisely defined, sprawl is the spatially dispersed, low-density and discontinuous outward expansion of the built-up area into the rural-urban…

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What the full answer covers

  • What counts as "sprawl" in the Indian city
  • Processes driving urban sprawl in India
  • 1. Demographic processes: population spillover and migration-led peripheralisation
  • 2. Economic processes: land markets, real-estate financing and the decentralisation of work
  • 3. Infrastructure-induced processes: the road, rail and ring-road effect
  • 4. Governance and planning deficits: sprawl as institutional failure
  • …and 6 more sections, with a conclusion
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