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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

‘Alauddin Khilji’s economic measures aimed at centralising political authority in the Delhi Sultanate.’ Elucidate.

  • UPSC 2025
  • The Fourteenth Century

Centralisation under Alauddin Khilji (1296–1316) can be examined from more than one angle: as an assault on specific power-holders — nobles, khots, muqaddams — or as a change in the underlying mechanics of how far the central administration's own reach extended into territory, assessment and economic life. This answer takes the second, more structural route:…

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What the full answer covers

  • Direct Khalisa Administration versus Delegated Iqta Territory
  • Standardised Measurement-Based Assessment as a Centralising Technology
  • The Market-Control Apparatus as Direct State Presence in Economic Life
  • Distinguishing Administrative Reach from the Politics of Power-Breaking

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