Unlock Elite Access: Level Up Your Preparation with Exclusive Content

Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Aging population has adverse social and economic consequences. Explain with examples.

  • UPSC 2021
  • Economic Geography

Population ageing is the rising share of persons aged 60/65 and above, driven by fertility falling below the 2.1 replacement level and rising life expectancy — the terminal condition of Stages IV and V of the demographic transition, framed by Warren Thompson (1929) and Frank Notestein (1945).

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • From Shrinking Workforce to a Collapsing Support Ratio
  • Fiscal Strain: Pensions, Healthcare and Slower Growth
  • Social Consequences: Isolation and the Feminisation of Ageing
  • Reshaped Settlement: Depopulating Rural Regions
  • India: Dividend Now, Divergence Already

Unlock this answer and 800+ more

  • 820 solved PYQ model answers (2013–2026), Paper I and Paper II
  • Topic-wise across all 20 syllabus units
  • 20 PYQ Pattern Analysis & Strategy reports, one per unit
  • Diagrams and maps drawn inside the answers, where you would draw them
  • 500 days of access from the day you enrol, on phone, laptop or tablet

₹1,770₹2,50029% off

Get Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack @ ₹1,770 →

One-time payment · No subscription · Instant access · UPI, cards, RuPay

See every Economic Geography question (88 solved) →Already enrolled? Log in