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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

After the Battle of Plassey, how did India transit from the medieval to the modern age?

  • UPSC 2016
  • European Penetration into India

Plassey (1757) did not instantly modernize India; rather, it opened a staged, roughly half-century-long transition through which Mughal-successor political forms were progressively replaced by colonial-modern institutions of law, revenue, and administration.

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What the full answer covers

  • Phase One: Political Substitution Without Institutional Change (1757–65)
  • Phase Two: Legal-Administrative Transformation (1765 onward)
  • Phase Three: Economic Reorientation
  • Phase Four: New Institutions of Governance
  • Assessing the Transition

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