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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the evolution of the theories of human rights from natural rights to collective and environmental rights.

  • UPSC 2002
  • Rights

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Rights theory has changed along two axes: who holds a right and what it demands of others. It began with the lone individual asking the state to stand back. It now includes peoples, the unborn and nature. Each stage answered a weakness in the one before it.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Natural rights: the individual against power
  • Eclipse in the nineteenth century
  • After 1945: secular natural rights
  • Positive rights: from liberty to provision
  • Collective and solidarity rights
  • Environmental rights: future generations and nature
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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