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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the problems of working women in India.

  • UPSC 2013
  • 20 marks
  • Challenges of Social Transformation

India's female labour force participation rate for those aged 15 and above stood at 40.0 per cent in 2025, but only 27.7 per cent in urban India, and 64.2 per cent of women workers were self-employed (Periodic Labour Force Survey). The problems of working women are therefore not incidental hardships but structural features of a…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The double burden and how "work" is counted
  • Segregation, the pay gap and precarity
  • Safety, motherhood and the truncated career
  • Which working woman? Caste and class
  • Conclusion

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