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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

‘Many caste conflicts are between castes which are close to each other on the hierarchical scale.’ Give a sociological explanation for this phenomenon.

  • UPSC 2014
  • Challenges of Social Transformation

Louis Dumont's Homo Hierarchicus (1966) describes an order so completely agreed that conflict should be impossible, since every jati accepts its rank. The statement is the standing refutation: violence clusters where ritual distance is least. The mechanism behind it shows caste to be a competitive system, not merely a ranked one.

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What the full answer covers

  • Why proximity, not distance, produces conflict
  • What the evidence shows
  • Conclusion

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