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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

What are the Indian government’s schemes launched for poverty alleviation after the United Nations’ Declaration of Sustainable Development Goals – 2015? Briefly describe.

  • UPSC 2025
  • 10 marks
  • Challenges of Social Transformation

The Sustainable Development Goals, adopted in September 2015, redefined poverty as deprivation across health, education and living standards rather than a shortfall of income. India's post-2015 schemes follow that redefinition. Older programmes transferred a subsidised asset or a wage and tested whether a household crossed a consumption line; the new ones deliver specific functionings —…

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What the full answer covers

  • The post-2015 architecture
  • The shift they represent
  • A sociological evaluation
  • Conclusion

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