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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Give a sociological analysis of the problems of migrant urban poor.

  • UPSC 2014
  • 20 marks
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

The migrant urban poor are not a residual category awaiting absorption but a structurally produced workforce. Jan Breman's Footloose Labour (1996) named the condition — labour kept mobile, casual and unattached so that its reproduction costs fall on the village, not the employer. Analysis must begin with that arrangement, not the hardship it generates.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Structural location in the informal economy
  • Circular migration and the incomplete move
  • Caste and regional networks: resource and trap
  • Housing, tenure and the body
  • Social citizenship: entitlements that do not travel
  • Gender and the second generation
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion

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