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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Urban settlements in India tend to replicate its rural caste-kinship imprints. Discuss the main reasons.

  • UPSC 2021
  • 20 marks
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

Using Census 2011 enumeration-block data for five metros, Naveen Bharathi, Deepak Malghan and Andaleeb Rahman found that caste segregation is sharper between neighbourhoods inside a ward than between wards — a ward can look mixed while every street within it is sorted. The Indian city has not dissolved caste; it has re-encoded it as address.…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • 1. Chain migration through the kin-broker
  • 2. Discrimination in the housing market
  • 3. Caste-linked occupational niches
  • 4. Endogamy and the marriage market
  • 5. Caste associations and urban politics
  • 6. Insecurity, violence and the ghetto
  • …and 3 more sections, with a conclusion

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