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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Urbanisation in Independent India has been characterized by over-urbanization and rural push. Explain with demographic and sociological dimensions.

  • UPSC 2026
  • 20 marks
  • Industrialization and Urbanisation in India

Yogendra Singh, in Modernization of Indian Tradition (1973), listed "over-urbanisation without industrialisation" among the structural inconsistencies that make Indian modernisation unstable. The proposition in the question restates that diagnosis: Indian cities filled up faster than they could employ, and those who filled them were expelled from agriculture rather than drawn by industry.

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What the full answer covers

  • The two concepts, stated precisely
  • Demographic dimensions
  • Sociological dimensions
  • Conclusion

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