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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Assess critically A. G. Frank’s theory of ‘development of underdevelopment’.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Social Change in Modern Society

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Andre Gunder Frank, in Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967), inverted modernisation theory's founding assumption. Poor countries are not undeveloped, waiting at an original starting point; they are underdeveloped — a condition actively produced by the very process that developed the West. Development and underdevelopment, in his phrase, are "opposite faces of the same…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The thesis: underdevelopment as an outcome, not a stage
  • The mechanism: the metropolis–satellite chain
  • Its strength: the Indian evidence
  • The critique
  • Conclusion
Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

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