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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Discuss the role of geographical factors in social change and development.

  • UPSC 2026
  • Social Change in Modern Society

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Climate, terrain, location, soil, water and natural hazard set the conditions within which societies act. Sociology has moved from treating them as causes to treating them as one factor among several, whose effect is mediated by technology and institutions.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • From determinism to possibilism
  • How geography actually operates
  • Indian evidence
  • Limits of the geographical explanation
  • Conclusion
Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions

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