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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Peri-urbanization has created enormous environmental problems. Discuss their causes and consequences with reference to the National Capital Region (N.C.R.) of India.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Settlements

Peri-urbanisation is the transformation of the rural periphery under metropolitan influence — a belt of mixed land use, land in transition to urban rent, and fragmented governance where a village is neither a working panchayat nor a serviced municipal ward.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Causes: How the N.C.R. Periphery Was Manufactured
  • Consequences Across the N.C.R. Environment
  • Groundwater and drainage
  • Aravalli and land cover
  • Air and waste
  • The Scale Mismatch That Sustains the Damage

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