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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Account for the persisting negative trade balance of India.

  • UPSC 2018
  • Transport, Communication and Trade

India has recorded an adverse merchandise balance in all but two years since 1950-51, and the gap has widened with every growth acceleration rather than closing — the deficit is structural, not cyclical.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Import Bill Is Concentrated in Inelastic Heads
  • The Export Side Is Narrow and Low-Valued
  • Why It Persists Rather Than Corrects
  • Where the Settled Account Is Now Disputed
  • Verdict

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