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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Discuss the problems in realization of benefits of globalization and liberalization in industrial sector of India.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Industry

Liberalisation promised four industrial gains: capital inflow, technology upgradation, export competitiveness and employment. Aggregate growth arrived; the industrial transformation largely did not. The problem is not that reform failed but that its benefits leaked at specific, identifiable points.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The employment gap
  • Premature deindustrialisation
  • Import competition and deepening dependence
  • Cost and geography of the gains
  • Verdict

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