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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Citing examples from Asia and Europe, comment upon the contexts within which pro natalist population policies are advanced. What could be the implications of these policies on women’s workforce participation?

  • UPSC 2018
  • Population and Settlement Geography

Pro-natalism is state action to raise fertility above prevailing levels; the Second Demographic Transition (Lesthaeghe and van de Kaa, 1986) explains the sub-replacement regime it reacts to.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Sub-Replacement Fertility and Workforce Contraction: The Asian Context
  • Europe: Two Traditions Within One Demographic Context
  • Care-Led Natalism — France and the Nordics
  • Cash-Led and Ideological Natalism — Hungary, Russia, Poland
  • Nationalism, Immigration Resistance and Geopolitical Motives
  • The Sub-National Variant: India's Delimitation Debate
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion

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