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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Analyse the spatial changes and emerging patterns of semiconductor manufacturing in the world.

  • UPSC 2024
  • Economic Geography

Semiconductor manufacturing is a spatially fragmented value chain of four stages — design (fabless), wafer fabrication (foundry), assembly-testing-packaging (ATP), and equipment-and-materials — each obeying a different locational logic.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Stage-wise Fragmentation of the Value Chain
  • Origin and the First Shift to East Asia
  • The Foundry Model and Chokepoint Concentration
  • Emerging Pattern: Subsidy Replaces Cost as the Siting Force
  • Why Dispersal Has Hard Limits

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