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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Trace the stages in the partition of Africa after 1870. How did it affect international relations?

  • UPSC 1996
  • Imperialism and Colonialism

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Between 1870 and 1914, Europe's hold over Africa expanded from roughly 10 percent to 90 percent of the continent, a compression of conquest into a single generation that reshaped both Africa and the diplomatic order of Europe itself.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the History Optional PYQ Master Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • Stage I: The Prelude, c.1870s
  • Stage II: The Congo Trigger and the Berlin Conference, 1884–85
  • Stage III: The Furious Scramble, 1885–1898
  • Stage IV: Flashpoints and Consolidation, 1898–1912
  • Stage V: The Continent Divided, by 1914
  • Impact on International Relations
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