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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Compare the Subsidence and Glacial control theories on the formation of coral reefs.

  • UPSC 2013
  • Oceanography

Charles Darwin's Subsidence Theory (1837, revised 1842) explains the progression fringing reef → barrier reef → atoll as the outcome of a volcanic island slowly sinking while coral grows upward fast enough to keep pace, whereas R.A. Daly's Glacial Control Theory (1910) explains the same reef morphology through Pleistocene sea-level oscillation acting on a wave-cut…

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What the full answer covers

  • Darwin's Subsidence Theory
  • Daly's Glacial Control Theory
  • Point-by-Point Comparison
  • Davis's Physiographic Reconciliation and Later Evidence

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