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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The discovery of monsoons by Hippalus gave a new direction to Indo-Roman trade during the Satavahana period. Comment.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Early State and Society in Eastern India, Deccan and South India

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According to the first-century Periplus of the Erythraean Sea and the Roman geographer Pliny, the Greek navigator Hippalus discovered around 45 CE that the monsoon winds could carry a ship directly across the open Arabian Sea to India, rather than forcing it to hug the Arabian and Persian coastline. Pliny, writing in his Natural History…

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What the full answer covers

  • From Trickle to Flood: The Scale of the Change
  • What Moved Along the New Route
  • A Trade Balance Running Sharply in India's Favour
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