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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

The Indus-Saraswati cultural zone exhibited both homogeneity and diversity. Discuss.

  • UPSC 2023
  • Indus Valley Civilization

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The Indus-Saraswati civilization (broadly c. 3300–1900 BCE, with its urban or "Mature Harappan" phase concentrated around 2600–1900 BCE) is often introduced to students through its most striking feature — an apparently uniform material culture spread across a vast area stretching from Sutkagen-dor on the Makran coast to Alamgirpur near the Yamuna, and from Manda in…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Standardized Grammar of Urban Life
  • Shared Economic, Craft and Symbolic Idioms
  • Regional Diversity Beneath the Uniform Surface
  • Variation in Site Layout and Settlement Hierarchy
  • Craft Specialization and Regional Resource Flows
  • Variation in Seals, Script Use and Mortuary Practice
  • …and 1 more sections, with a conclusion
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