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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Examine the factors which were responsible for opening and development of European trade in India during the 16th and 17th centuries.

  • UPSC 2006
  • Economy and Society in the 16th and 17th Centuries

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The expansion of European trade with India between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries was not a sudden rupture but the convergence of political stability in Asia, a Europe-wide hunger for Asian commodities, and a shift in maritime technology and organization.

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What the full answer covers

  • The Rise of Stable Asian Empires
  • Demand-Side Pull from Europe
  • The Structural Novelty of the Northern European Companies
  • Mughal Openness and the Politics of Concession
  • Competition Among the Companies as a Driver of Expansion
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