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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Trace and identify the changing pattern of Tantrism in Ancient India with examples.

  • UPSC 2020
  • Themes in Early Indian Cultural History

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Tantrism began as a set of primitive fertility rites among non-Aryan tribal circles, standing in explicit tension with Vedic Brahmanism, and only later crystallized into a body of texts — the Tantras — shared across Buddhism, Jainism, and the Brahmanical sects. Tracing its trajectory shows a consistent movement: from an underground, tribal, orgiastic cult, through…

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What the full answer covers

  • Origins in Pre-Vedic Fertility and Goddess Cults
  • Textual Crystallization: From Cult to Corpus (Gupta–Post-Gupta Period)
  • Spread Across the Major Religious Traditions
  • Brahmanical Absorption — Vaishnava, Shaiva, and Shakta Sects
  • Jainism
  • Core Features of the Tantric Path
  • …and 2 more sections, with a conclusion
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