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History Optional PYQ Master Pack · Model answer

Describe the distinguishing features of important archaeological cultures of the Indian subcontinent datable between c. 2000 B.C. and c. 500 B.C.

  • UPSC 1995
  • Aryans and Vedic Period

The half-millennium bracketing 2000–500 BCE is not the story of a single civilization but of a mosaic of regional cultures that filled the space left by Harappan de-urbanisation and eventually converged, in the Gangetic valley, toward a second wave of urbanism. Understanding this period requires moving region by region, since no single ceramic or technological…

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What the full answer covers

  • The Late Harappan Successor Cultures of the North-West
  • Ochre Coloured Pottery and the Copper Hoards of the Doab
  • Black-and-Red Ware and the Painted Grey Ware Horizon
  • The Chalcolithic Cultures of Central, Western, and Eastern India
  • The Neolithic-Megalithic Transition in Peninsular India

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