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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note : Reliability of a sample.

  • UPSC 1998
  • Research Methods and Analysis

"Reliability" here means something distinct from instrument reliability — the consistency of a measuring tool discussed elsewhere in research methodology — and this distinction must be made explicit before anything else.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • Sampling Error and the Standard Error
  • Sampling Error Versus Non-Sampling Error
  • Only Probability Sampling Licenses a Calculable Reliability

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