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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Write short note: Features of pre-industrial economic system.

  • UPSC 2007, 1998, 1989
  • Works and Economic Life

Pre-industrial economies include hunting-gathering, pastoral, horticultural and peasant-agrarian systems. Karl Polanyi (The Great Transformation, 1944) argued that in them the economy is embedded in kinship, religion and politics. People act to protect their social standing, not to maximise individual gain. Their defining features follow from this.

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  • Core features
  • A critical note
  • Conclusion

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