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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Russian-Ukraine crisis has cast a dark shadow on the energy needs of the member states of the European Union (EU). Comment.

  • UPSC 2022
  • 15 marks
  • Regionalisation of World Politics

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In 2021 Russia supplied about 45% of EU gas imports and over a quarter of its oil. The invasion of Ukraine in February 2022 turned that dependence into the Union's sharpest strategic vulnerability. It exemplifies what Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye (Power and Interdependence, 1977) called vulnerability interdependence, and what Henry Farrell and…

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What the full answer covers

  • Why the shadow fell
  • The regional response
  • Where the shadow persists
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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