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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

The recent developments in Indian Politics has not eroded the true spirit of federalism in India. Critically examine this statement with the help of appropriate illustrations.

  • UPSC 2025
  • 15 marks
  • Federalism

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Daniel J. Elazar defined the spirit of federalism as "self-rule plus shared rule": states govern their own sphere and share in decisions taken for the whole. The developments of 2019–2026 point both ways. On balance, self-rule has largely held while shared rule has thinned.

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What the full answer covers

  • The case that the spirit endures
  • The case that erosion is real
  • Evaluation
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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