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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Explain the role of non – state actors, like IMF, World Bank, European Union and MNCs, in modulating and transforming the broad dynamics of international relations.

  • UPSC 2009
  • 60 marks
  • Evolution of the International Economic System

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Strictly, only MNCs are non-state actors in Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye's transnational sense; the IMF and the World Bank are intergovernmental, and the EU is a supranational hybrid. What unites the four is autonomy from any single state. Michael Barnett and Martha Finnemore (Rules for the World, 2004) show that international bureaucracies…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • How the schools read them
  • IMF and World Bank: modulating sovereignty
  • The European Union: transforming the units
  • MNCs: a third side to diplomacy
  • The limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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