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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Comment: “Of those (officers) the ways of embezzlement are forty.” (Kautilya)

  • UPSC 2005
  • 20 marks
  • Indian Political Thought

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The line comes from Book 2, chapter 8 of the Arthashastra of Kautilya (Chanakya/Vishnugupta), the chapter on detecting embezzlement by revenue officers. The chapter opens with the principle that all undertakings depend upon finance, so the treasury comes first. It then enumerates, one by one, forty methods by which officials divert the king's revenue. The…

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What the full answer covers

  • Why Kautilya Counts the Ways
  • The Typology
  • The Machinery of Detection
  • Present-Day Resonance
  • Limits
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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