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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Describe and assess the role and importance of Geo-political and Geo-economic factors in the determination of foreign policy of a country.

  • UPSC 2005
  • Contemporary Global Concerns

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Geography is the most durable determinant of foreign policy because a state cannot change it: governments, ideologies and alliances turn over, but location, terrain, coastline and resources stay put. Kautilya's mandala already read friend and enemy off the map: the neighbour is the natural rival, the neighbour's neighbour the natural ally. Geo-economics, a term Edward…

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What the full answer covers

  • Geo-political factors
  • Geo-economic factors
  • Assessment
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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