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Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack · Model answer

Explain the impact of economic development on environmental degradation in India.

  • UPSC 2016
  • Contemporary Issues

Development acts on the environment through three separable effects — a scale effect (more output means more energy, material and land throughput), a composition effect (the mix shifts from agriculture to industry, then services), and a technique effect (richer economies buy cleaner processes). Degradation is their net.

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of the Geography Optional 300+ Score Pack.

What the full answer covers

  • The Organising Frame: the Environmental Kuznets Curve
  • The Sectoral Pathways from Growth to Damage
  • Where the Curve Bends and Where It Does Not

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