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Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Criticize A. G. Frank’s ‘development of underdevelopment’.

  • UPSC 2019
  • Social Change in Modern Society

Andre Gunder Frank argued in Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America (1967) that underdevelopment is produced, not inherited: a metropolis–satellite chain drains surplus upward from the remotest village to the world metropolis, so satellites advance only when those links weaken. The thesis reoriented the sociology of development, but half a century of criticism has dismantled…

You are reading the opening of the model answer. The full answer is part of Sociology Optional PYQ Solutions.

What the full answer covers

  • The theoretical criticism: capitalism misdefined
  • The missing class and the missing state
  • The empirical refutation
  • Methodological and normative criticisms
  • What survives
  • Conclusion

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