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PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions · Model answer

Highlight any five constitutional provisions that restrain the powers of the executive, and evaluate their effectiveness in current times.

  • UPSC 2026
  • 15 marks
  • Principal Organs of Government

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The Constitution restrains the executive less by rigid separation than by checks and balances: responsibility to the legislature, judicial review, and independent bodies that Guillermo O'Donnell would call agencies of horizontal accountability. Each works only as well as the institution applying it.

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What the full answer covers

  • Five provisions and how they work today
  • Evaluation
  • Conclusion
PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

PSIR Optional PYQ Solutions

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